Silver surfaces react with sulfur and chlorine. Silver sulfide films, tarnish, are readily displaced on connector mating, but have been...

As noted previously, nickel surfaces always consist of a self limiting and very thin layer of nickel oxide, 0.01 µm...

For completeness it should be noted that there are several fretting degradation mechanisms: Fretting WearAll fretting motions will cause some...

Because tin is the most commonly used non-noble contact finish, it will be the focus of this chapter. Silver and...

Nickel underplates in noble metal finishes provide another very important performance benefit that is not related to corrosion. The durability...

Noble metal finish degradation mechanisms include both corrosion and wear, with wear through of the noble metal leading to increased...

The two most significant contact finish degradation mechanisms are corrosion and wear. While wear is a degradation mechanism, its main...

Tin is the dominant non-noble contact finish due to its widespread use in connectors for commercial and industrial applications. Tin...

Connectors using noble metal finishes, usually gold, can be used in all applications and environments. Because they are more expensive...

This chapter will provide an overview of design and material requirements for contact finishes, contact springs and connector housings as...